YOU CANNOT FORCE LIKE

YOU CANNOT FORCE LIKE I composed a blog entry as of late about how perusers can help creators on Amazon. You are perusing my blog, correct? http://chopeclark.com/2012/09/when-you-go-to-amazon-dont-simply purchase a-book/ One of the recommendations included tapping the little orange and white approval hand with the goal that it turns dark, preferring the book page, or the writer page. Its a basic motion to tell the creator youve been there and acknowledge what they are doing. Those kinds of preferences are simple and have become more decorum that basic in nature. A few preferences, be that as it may, arent so spotless and straightforward. For instance, individuals enjoying your book, blog, articles, or even your Facebook notes. Somebody who might be listening will differ about whether your are skilled. While a considerable lot of my perusers wanted to despise Alan, a character in Lowcountry Bribe, one painted him as too shallow and one-dimensional. So think about what I struggled with for a day or two? At that point theres the opposite side of the coin, when you dont like others work. I have a place with two authors gatherings. In the end, a part presents a piece I just can't interface with. Perhaps its the class, the plot, even the exchange, yet it doesn't click. Now and again the conflict is to such an extent that I truly dont need to study it, realizing Ill be disappointed walking through it and come out on the opposite end not having delighted in the outing. For example, somebody Facebook informed me half a month prior, pleased about his book discharge. I praised him. He at that point asked, Will you get it? I looked at the title, at that point the Amazon page. It was a how-to improve your life message. I answered that I was overwhelmed with books to peruse at present with 30 on my end table and who-knows-what number of on my Kindle. He answered, Will you read it in half a month? I at last answered, Sorry. Im in a decent spot with my life, so I dont need self improvement material. It just wasnt something I needed to peruse. At that point theres the blockbuster list that everybody oohs and aahs over. I dont like a considerable lot of them. As irreverent as it might sound, I don't care to peruse Barbara Kingsolver. I don't think shell lose rest over that, either. My funds on the likelihood that she doesnt like my work either. Some of the time perusers will purchase a hit reasoning its appropriately verified and is a one-size-fits-all great read. Blockbusters are the same than different books on the planet with regards to fans and non-fans. It's not possible for anyone to compose for all perusers. Without a doubt, that VIP furor and solid verbal drive can sell a great deal of books. Lastly, you don't need to like all the works of art. I love secrets. Not well understood Poe and Doyle. However, when I at long last discover thetime to plunk down with a book, to taste tea and unwind toward the finish of my day, I need a story that diverts me. War and Peace aint going to do it for me. Try not to be hesitant to loathe composing. Simultaneously, don't think about it literally when somebody despises yours. Stay away from callingthem names and wishing sick damage to their families. We cannot peruse or like all books. What an exhausting world that would be . . . without assorted variety . . . without the exertion of disclosure . . . without the free rein to look for and discover the creators that reallymake us glad to bounce into a story.

Amitav Ghosh Essay

Amitav Ghosh (brought into the world July 11, 1956), is a Bengali Indian creator most popular for his work in English fiction Life : Amitav Ghosh was conceived in Calcutta on July 11, 1956 out of a Bengali Hindu family, to Lieutenant Colonel Shailendra Chandra Ghosh, a resigned official of the pre-freedom Indian Army, and was instructed at The Doon School; St. Stephen’s College, Delhi, Delhi University, India; the Delhi School of Economics and St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he was granted a D. Phil. in social human studies under the management of Peter Lienhardt. His first employment was at the Indian Express paper in New Delhi. Ghosh lives in New York with his significant other, Deborah Baker, creator of the Laura Riding account In Extremis: The Life of Laura Riding(1993) and a senior manager at Little, Brown and Company. They have two youngsters, Lila and Nayan. He has been a Fellow at theCentre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta and Center for Development Studies in Tr ivandrum. In 1999, Ghosh joined the staff at Queens College, City University of New York, as Distinguished Professor in Comparative Literature. He has additionally been avisiting educator to the English division of Harvard University since 2005. Ghosh along these lines came back to India started dealing with the Ibis set of three, of which two volumes have been distributed to date, Sea of Poppies and River of Smoke. He was granted the Padma Shri by the Indian government in 2007.In 2009, he was chosen a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Work Ghosh is the creator of The Circle of Reason (his 1986 introduction novel), The Shadow Lines (1988), The Calcutta Chromosome (1995), The Glass Palace (2000), The Hungry Tide(2004), and Sea of Poppies (2008), the main volume of The Ibis set of three, set during the 1830s, not long before the Opium War, which exemplifies the pilgrim history of the East. Ghosh’s most recent work of fiction is River of Smoke (2011), the second volume of The Ibis set of three. The vast majority of his works manages an authentic setting, particularly with regards to Indian Ocean world. In a meeting with Mahmood Kooria, he stated: â€Å"It was not purposeful, however now and again things are del iberate without being deliberate. In spite of the fact that it was never part of an arranged endeavor and didn't start as a cognizant undertaking, I understand looking back this is truly what consistently intrigued me most: the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the associations and the cross-associations between these regions.† Awards and recognitionsThe Circle of Reason won the Prix Mã ©dicis à ©tranger, one of France’s top literary awards.The Shadow Lines won the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Ananda Puraskar. The Calcutta Chromosome won the Arthur C. Clarke Award for 1997. Ocean of Poppies was shortlisted for the 2008 Man Booker Prize.[10] It was the co-victor of the Vodafone Crossword Book Award in 2009, just as co-champ of the 2010 Dan David Prize. Waterway of Smoke was shortlisted for Man Asian Literary Prize 2011. Ghosh broadly pulled back his novel The Glass Palace from thought for Commonwealth Writers’ Prize, where it had been granted the Best Novel in Eurasian area, refering to his issues with the term â€Å"Commonwealth† and the shamefulness of the English-language prerequisite determined in the guidelines. In this way, he arrived in debate over his acknowledgment of the Israeli abstract honor, the $1 million Dan David Prize. Ghosh’s striking true to life compositions are In an Antique Land (1992), Dancing in Cambodia and At Large in Burma (1998), Countdown (1999), and The Imam and the Indian (2002, a huge assortment of papers on various subjects, for example, fundamentalism, history of the novel, Egyptian culture, and writing). Book reference Books The Circle of Reason (1986) The Shadow Lines (1988) The Calcutta Chromosome (1995) The Glass Palace (2000) The Hungry Tide (2005) Ocean of Poppies (2008) Stream of Smoke (2011) Surge of Fire (2015) Recorded Factors and Their Narratives in Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines: A Critical Study Amitav Ghosh has won numerous awards for his fiction that is definitely interlaced with history. His fiction is described by solid subjects that might be now and then recognized as recorded books. His topics include resettlement, oust, social dislodging and evacuating. He enlightens theâ basic incongruities, profound situated ambiguities and existential difficulties of human condition. He, in one of the meetings, has watched, â€Å"Nobody has the decision of venturing endlessly from history† and â€Å"For me, the estimation of the novel, as a structure, is that it can consolidate components of each part of life-history, regular history, talk, legislative issues, convictions, religion, family, love, sexuality†. Amitav Ghosh’s accomplishment as authentic writer owes a lot to the uniqueness of his very much inquired about accounts. He amazingly shows a past period and evaporated encounters to life through distinctively acknowledged detail. The better reference in t his setting is his praised second novel, â€Å"The Shadow Lines† (1988) which was distributed four years after the partisan savagery that shook New Delhi in the fallout of the Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. This comprises a consistent foundation in the novel, and it makes perusers test different pounding features of savagery. Likewise, his treatment of brutality in Calcutta and Dhaka in this novel is substantial even today. The epic is to a great extent set against the background of major chronicled occasions, for example, the Swadeshi development, the Second World War, the parcel of India, the collective mobs of 1963-64 in Dhaka and Calcutta, the Maoist Movement, the India-China War, the India-Pakistan War and the fall of Dhaka from East Pakistan and the production of Bangladesh. It is the tale of the loved ones of the anonymous storyteller which has its foundations in more extensive national and universal experience. In the novel the past, present and future consolidate and liquefy together eradicating any sort of line of outlines. The content pesters the worries of our period, the quest for personality, the requirement for autonomy, the troublesome relationship with pioneer culture. It grandly entwines reality, fiction and memory. It is a nonstop story which duplicates the example of viciousness of 1964 as well as of 21st century. The fragmentary accounts unfurl the narrator’s encounters as re collections which move in reverse and advances. While centering upon the content of The Shadow Lines the paper targets analyzing and expounding Ghosh’s verifiable contacts and their suggestions. Amitav Ghosh has managed different subjects in his books. A portion of the them incorporate quest for personality, conventions versus innovation, contemporary social issues and so forth. Ghosh endeavors to see the lives of his peers in lands as assorted as India, Bangladesh, Egypt, England and so forth. His canvas is regularly enormous and his books are inhabited with an assortment of characters, however not in the scope of a Tolstoy or a Dosteovesky. Each critical characters is outlined everything being equal, As a post pilgrim author, social legacy and character have become significant aspects of Ghosh’s character. The capacity of profound research that is found in this novel is a quality not related with Indian authors composing English.

Medical Stent Essays

Clinical Stent Essays Clinical Stent Paper Clinical Stent Paper Clinical Stent is a small cylinder clinical gadget set into a conduit, vein, or other pipe to hold the structure open when leading a clinical system called stenting. Throughout the years, there have been various types of stents which turned out in the market. The conventional stent is comprised of metal or plastic work like material. This stent is ordinarily utilized in patients who have a narrowing in their coronary supply routes brought about by atherosclerosis. Type Self-Expanding Carotid Stent with Over-the-Wire (OTW) Delivery System and the Exponent Self-Expanding Carotid Stent with Rapid-Exchange (RX) Delivery System †essentially used to re-open narrowing locales of the carotid veins (supplies blood to the cerebrum) in the neck. The FLAIR Endovascular Stent Graft †an adaptable and self-extending tube made of ePTFE and a metallic help structure known as stent, which is usually utilized as treatment for stenosis (blockage) at the venous anastomoses of an A-V get to join. NexStent †a metal work cut from a nitinol collapsed sheet that has two frameworks: the stent and both of the two conveyance frameworks (over the wire or monorail), which ordinarily utilized during angioplasty. Cordis PRECISE OTW Nitinol Stent System †a gadget comprise of a stent, a metal work tube on a conveyance catheter and a conveyance catheter framework. This is ordinarily utilized related to an embolic assurance framework which is a micromesh channel bushel gadget on the finish of a conveyance catheter. Zilver Vascular Stent †a slender, adaptable metal work tube that can be embedded in the enormous corridors which gracefully blood to the pelvis and legs called iliac conduits. This is ordinarily used to treat patients with narrowing of an iliac conduit. Violence VIABAHN Endoprosthesis †an adaptable, metallic rounded formed gadget which is mounted on the finish of a conveyance catheter and held set up by a discharge system. Rithron-XR Coronary Stent System †comprise of an expandable, opened, hardened steel tube stent and a stent conveyance catheter, which is usually used to treat patients who have narrowing in their coronary supply routes brought about by atherosclerosis.

The Importance of Leadership in Nursing - Free Essay Example

Nursing example essay The importance of leadership is now widely recognised as a key part of overall effective healthcare, and nursing leadership is a crucial part of this as nurses are now the single largest healthcare discipline (Swearingen, 2009). The findings of the Francis Report (2013) raised major questions into the leadership and organisational culture which allowed hundreds of patients to die or come to harm and further found that the wards in Mid Staffordshire, where the worst failures of care were found were the ones that lacked strong and caring leadership, highlighting the crucial role of nurses in leadership. Research into nursing leadership has shown that a culture of good leadership within healthcare is linked to improved patient outcomes, increased job satisfaction, and lower staff turnover rates (MacPhee, 2012). Although the NHS currently faces many challenges such as financial constraints and a growing elderly population, leadership cannot be viewed as an optional role. Previous research by Swearingen (2009) has suggested that educational programmes for nurses do not fully prepare them for leadership roles, and this gap between the demands of clinical roles and adequate educational preparation can result in ineffective leadership in nursing (Feather, 2009). It is important to recognise the critical role that nurses and nurse leaders play in establishing leadership for patient care and the overall culture within which they work (Feather, 2009). Themes explored in this essay will include defining leadership, leadership in nursing, factors that contribute to nursing leadership, and leadership preparation as part of nursing education. What is leadership and culture? Leadership can mean many different things and has clearly evolved in meaning over time (Brady, 2010). Common qualities associated with leadership are influence, innovation, autocracy, and influence (Brady, 2010, Cummings, 2010). A key factor which has remained part of leadership during its evolution has been the ideas that leadership can involve the influence of behaviours, feelings, and actions of other people (Malloy, 2010). Culture is different, and refers to the implicit assumptions that each member of a group or organisation perceives and reacts to different things (Malloy, 2010). Culture is often regarded as a good reflection of what an organisation values most: if compassion and safety are highly regarded, staff will assimilate this (Hutchinson, 2012). Interactions by leaders at all levels of an organisation have been identified as the most important aspect/component of establishing and maintaining a culture of leadership (Malloy, 2010, Hutchinson, 2012). The most senior lev el of leadership within NHS trusts often comes from the board of directors, who have overall responsibility for the overall leadership strategy (Brady. 2010). Nursing leadership Although there are many research articles and books about leadership and management, there has been relatively little research until recently into what nursing leadership entails. Cummings (2008) found that perceptions of nursing leadership were different from general leadership because it placed a greater emphasis on nurses taking responsibility for and improving and influencing the practice environment. Brady (2010) reported that anytime a nurse had recognised authority, they were providing leadership to others. By this argument, student nurses are leaders to their patients, a staff nurse is a leader to student nurses and patients, and the leader to all team members is seen in the ward manager (Brady 2010, Sanderson, 2011). It is also important to distinguish between a manager and a leader (Brady 2010, Sanderson, 2011). Mangers are seen to be those who administer, maintain, and control, whereas leaders are those who are seen to innovate, develop, and inspire (Sanderson, 2011). Wh ilst there is obvious need for managers within the health service, it is vital to realise that there is a clear distinction in the roles of managers and leaders (Sanderson, 2011), and that there are areas where these roles may not overlap (Sanderson, 2011). One of the key challenges facing the NHS is to nurture a culture which allows the delivery of high quality healthcare (MacPhee, 2012) and one of the most influential factors which can impact the delivery of quality patient care is leadership: ensuring there is a clear distinction between management and leadership, and that leaders are equipped with the necessary tools to inspire others to follow their example (Jackson, 2009). Factors which contribute to nursing leadership The systematic review by Cummings (2008) demonstrated that research into nursing leadership falls into two categories à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" studies of the practices and actions of nursing leaders including the impact of differing healthcare settings, and the effects of different educational backgrounds of nurse leaders. The conclusion from the systematic review by Cummings (2008) suggests that leadership from nurses can be developed by a stronger emphasis placed on leadership in education, and by modelling leadership styles on those which have been seen to be successful in the workplace. Several studies also highlighted personal characteristics which were deemed to promote leadership qualities, such as openness and the motivation to lead others (Jackson, 2009, Brady 2010, Sanderson, 2011). Marriner (2009) also showed that contrary to popular belief, age, experience, and gender did not seem important factors when considering the effectiveness of leadership, and that interpersonal skill s were more important than financial or administrative skills. However this focus on financial and managerial skills seems to suggest an overlap between management and leadership, which has previously been shown to be two different areas (Richardson, 2010, MacPhee, 2012). They also showed that leadership was perceived to be less effective when leaders had less contact with those delivering care, highlighting the importance of nurses on the ward to also be effective leaders (Richardson, 2010, MacPhee, 2012). The emphasis which has been placed on interpersonal skills and relationships between healthcare workers is strongly suggestive that this is an important leadership skill, and could be a key part of leadership development programmes (Malloy, 2010). A recent review of the role of emotional intelligence and nursing leadership highlights the need for emotional intelligence in effective leaders and has been shown to be highly influential on healthcare cultures (Hutchinson, 2012). A lthough the impact of these factors can suggest how best to promote leadership in nursing, it is clear that a thorough understanding and overview of their interactions are needed to fully understand their effectiveness. Sorensen (2008) suggested that these effects can also be promoted through educational programmes, particularly at undergraduate level. Education It is clear that leadership is considered to be fundamental to nursing, and that nurses are now expected to act as leaders across a wide variety of settings (Richardson, 2010). If nurses are expected to undertake such roles it is important that they are adequately trained and prepared for this (Sanderson, 2011). Studies have found that many undergraduate nursing courses now view organisation and management to be fundamental parts of autonomous nursing practice, and it is widely part of the curriculum (Richardson, 2010, Sanderson, 2011). However it is unclear what is actually taught, and much of the content appears to be focused on the transition period from student to qualified nurse (Sanderson, 2011). However it seems that current expectations of leadership within the NHS are not suitable to be taught as isolated elements within the curriculum, and should instead be embraced throughout training and beyond (Richardson, 2010, Sanderson, 2011). The development of leadership skills sh ould also be continued through a nurses career to continually promote the importance of leadership, and to develop newly-qualified nurses into role models for others (Jackson, 2009). Collective leadership In collective leadership there are both individual and collective levels of accountability and responsibility (Cummings, 2008). There is a strong emphasis on regular reflective practice which has been shown to improve the standard of care given by nurses, and strives to make continuous improvement a habit of all within the organisation (Cummings, 2008, Cummings, 2010). This is in contrast to a command and control style of leadership, which displaces responsibility onto individuals and leads to a culture of fear of failure rather than a desire to improve (Feather, 2009). Leadership comes from both the leaders themselves and from the relationships among them and with other members of staff. Key to leadership is also the idea of followership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that everyone supports each other to deliver high quality care and that the success of the organisation is the responsibility of all (Hutchinson, 2012). It is important to recognise that good leadership does not happen by chance , and that collective leadership is the result of consciously and purposefully identifying the skills and behaviours needed at an individual and organisational level to create the desired culture (Hutchinson, 2012). This is in contrast to more traditional leadership development work, which has focused on developing individual capacity whilst neglecting the need for developing collective capability (Cummings, 208, Cummings, 2010). This style of leadership has been linked to poorer patient outcomes, decreased levels of job satisfaction, and higher levels of staff turnover (Sorensen, 2008). The challenge of recruiting and retaining leaders at all levels must be recognised, as there is need for clinical leadership at every level (Cummings, 2010). Research has shown that where leaders and relationships between leaders are well developed, there is an increased quality of care due to all staff working towards the same goals and a well-established culture of caring (Sanderson, 2011). In addition to this, there is also an increasing drive to form leadership partnerships with patients (Sanderson, 2011, Hutchinson, 2012). Collective leadership with those receiving care functions in a similar way to multidisciplinary team working as this style of leadership with patients needs a redeployment of both power and decision making in addition to a change in thinking about who should be included in the collective leadership community (Hutchinson, 2012). Several authors (Cummings, 2008, Jackson, 2009, Malloy, 2010) recommended that NHS leaders should work with those seen as patient leaders to facilitate the changes outlined in the Francis Inquiry report (2013).   There have been frequent reports that staff working in healthcare settings are often overwhelmed by the workloads required and are unsure of their priorities, sometimes because there are too many priorities identified by senior managers (Cummings, 2008). This can result in stress and poor quality care for patie nts (Cummings, 2008, Cummings, 2010). Whilst mission statements about efficient and high quality care can be helpful for staff, they are only helpful when translated into objectives for individuals (Jackson, 2009). Establishing and maintaining cultures of high-quality care relies on continual learning and improvements in patient care from all members of staff, and thus taking responsibility for improving quality (Jackson, 2009, MacPhee, 2010).   Where there is a well-established mentality of collective leadership, all staff members are more likely to work together to solve problems, to ensure that the quality of care remains high, and to work towards innovation (MacPhee, 2012). Conclusion The importance of effective leadership to the provision of good quality care is firmly established, as is the central role that leadership plays in nursing (Cummings, 2008). It is now also clear that leadership should be found at all levels from board to ward and it seems obvious that the development of leadership skills for nurses should begin when training commences and should be something which is honed and developed throughout a nursing career (Feather, 2009). For health care organisations to provide patients with good quality healthcare there must be a culture that allows sustained high quality care at multiple levels (Francis Report, 2013). These cultures must concentrate on the delivery of high quality, safe health care and enable staff to do their jobs effectively (Jackson, 2009, Francis Report, 2013). Part of this is ensuring that there is a strong connection to the shared purpose regardless of the individuals role within the system and that collaboration across profession al boundaries is easily achieved (Cummings, 2010). Nurses can be a key part of this by using collective leadership to establish a culture where all staff take responsibility for high quality care and all are accountable (Malloy, 2010). This may require a shift in mentality of the way many see leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" from seeing leadership as a command-and-control approach, to seeing leadership as the responsibility of all and working together as a team to work across organisations and other boundaries in the best interests of the patient (Brady, 2010). References Brady, P. (2010). The influence of nursing leadership on nurse performance: a systematic literature review. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(4), pp.425-439. Cummings, G. (2008). Factors contributing to nursing leadership: a systematic review. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 13(4), pp.240-248. Cummings, G. (2010). The contribution of hospital nursing leadership styles to 30-day patient mortality. Nursing Research, 59(5), pp.331-339. Feather, R. (2009). Emotional intelligence in relation to nursing leadership: does it matter? Journal of Nursing Management ¸ 17(3), pp.376-382. Hutchinson, M. (2012). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation. Nursing Inquiry, 20(1), pp.11-22. Jackson, J. (2009). Patterns of knowing: proposing a theory for nursing leadership. Nursing Economics, 27(1), pp.149-159. MacPhee, M. (2012). An empowerment framework for nursing leadership development: supporting evidence. Journal of A dvanced Nursing, 68(1), pp.159-169. Malloy, T. (2010). Nursing leadership style and psychosocial work environment. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(6), pp.715-725. Marriner, A. (2009). Nursing leadership and management effects work environments. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(1), pp.15-25. The Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry (2013) Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry: executive summary. London: Stationery Office (Chair: R Francis). Richardson, A. (2010). Patient safety: a literature review on the impact of nursing empowerment, leadership, and collaboration. International Nursing Review, 57(1), pp.12-21. Sandstrom, B. (2011). Promoting the implementation of evidence-based practice: a literature review focusing on the role of nursing leadership. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 8(4), pp.212-223. Sorensen, R. (2008). Beyond profession: nursing leadership in contemporary healthcare. Journal of Nursing Manag ement, 16(5), pp.535-544. Swearingen, S. (2009). A journey to leadership: dsigning a nursing leadership development program. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 40(3), pp.113-114.

Global Transfer Pricing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 645 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Development Essay Did you like this example? 1. Global Transfer Pricing: A Practical Guide for Managers , Ralph Drtina, Jane L. Reimers, S. A. M. Advanced Management Journal, v74n2, Spring 2009. Transfer Pricing Article Summary The authors give a beneficial guide for managers for selecting and implementing a transfer pricing policy. According to the article, transfer pricing are the amounts charged for goods and services exchanged between divisions of the same company. In a multinational company strict international tax laws regulate the amounts charged for goods and services, tangible or intangible, which cross borders. The article advises a company with operations in more than one country to be cautious when setting transfer prices for goods or services sold between divisions. The managers can learn from this article that methods traditionally used to set prices between divisions in a single country may not be acceptable for international tax purposes. The article addresses two major types of transactions, intra-c ompany sales of products and intra-company licensing of intangible property. A multinational company can maximize the profits by shifting profits from divisions in high-tax to divisions in low-tax jurisdictions countries. A description of how global transfer pricing works is given along with transfer pricing effect on taxable income. In this global economy, the trend for countries is to strengthen their effort to collect tax revenues from transfer pricing. A company can mitigate tax conflicts by negotiations and price agreements. The article describes the arms-length principles used by most countries and standardized by IRS S428 and by OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) rule. The article indicates what challenges need to be resolved when applying these standards. Under the arm’s length principle one compares the remunerations from cross-border controlled transactions within multinationals with the remuneration from transactions made between in dependent enterprises in similar circumstances. The arms-length principle has become the international norm for allocating the tax bases of multinational enterprises among the countries where they operate. Five transfer pricing methods for finding arm’s length price are presented along with the comparability issues related to selecting the method and determining the transfer price. The article illustrates the arms-length principle applied for transfer pricing for intangible assets. These assets include intellectual property, patents, formulas, copyrights, trademarks, brand names, licenses, or software. The article show numeric examples of approved ways to calculate transfer prices and explain how application differs between tangible goods and intellectual property. The article concludes with a series of guidelines for managers on how to be aware of the complexity of transfer pricing and how to minimize the risk associated with multinational intra-company transfers. Ever y multinational company should have a documented transfer policy that guides managers’ actions. A company should continue to update its transfer price policy whenever changes to its business affect the factors used to establish the arm length principle. In addition a company with many cross-border transactions should consider an advanced pricing agreement to ensure tax dispute will be kept to minimum. In order to avoid significant cost or penalties to their multinationals companies, managers should become familiar with the regulations of the countries involved, for example using OECD and IRS resources. Analysis and Opinion This article expands the information about transfer pricing from textbook, and emphasizes the aspect of international transfer pricing. Given the global and sometimes controversial nature of transfer pricing, it is important to develop internationally shared principles, as the arm’s length principle, to help each country fight abusive transfer of profit abroad, while at the same time limiting the risk of double taxation of those profits. This article has a lot of applicability to my job, since I work in a multinational company, in projects that develop products across borders and involve transfer pricing. Intellectual property issues (e. g. , valuations) can have significant implications on an organization’s taxes and financial performance. The intangible assets, tax valuation of intellectual property and transfer pricing are highlighted by the article. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Transfer Pricing" essay for you Create order

Workplace Diversity - 3412 Words

Diversity in the Workplace Wendy Fowler Diversity in the Workplace Workplace diversity refers to the variety of differences between people in an organization. Workplace diversity is about acknowledging differences and adapting work practices to create an inclusive environment in which diverse skills, perspectives and backgrounds are valued. It is about understanding the individual differences in the people we work with that arise from a broad range of backgrounds and lifestyles, and recognizing the value of using those different perspectives, ideas and ways of working to enhance the quality and outcomes of work. Our diversity is shaped by a variety of characteristics including age, ethnicity, gender, disability, language,†¦show more content†¦If the organization has the ability to offer it flex time, or part time hours should be an option for these workers to provide a better balance of personal verses professional. Lastly, inclusion is key. From team outings to asking for feedback, feeling included in what is important to them is what will retain them and avoid the possibility of feeling isolated. Religion Religion in the workplace can bring up some of the most difficult issues employers have to face. Resolving these issues requires understanding the law and balancing the businesss needs with an employees desire to practice his or her religion. One of the most contentious conflicts is between an employees desire to take time off and the potential reduction in productivity and profitability. In ruling on Title VII religion cases, the courts have held that employers arent required to accommodate employees religious activities when it involves increased financial costs, transferring supervisory personnel or employees from other departments resulting in inefficiency, or discriminating against other employees or violating seniority systems. Accommodations that dont constitute undue hardship to the employer include voluntary substitutions or employee swaps, flexible work schedules, floating or optional holidays, staggered work hours, and allowing employees to make up lost time. Transfers a nd job changes also are options if they dont cause reduced efficiency orShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Workplace Diversity On The Workplace997 Words   |  4 Pages Workplace diversity is a term which describes the inclusion of people in the workplace regardless of their cultural differences such as gender, race and sexuality. Rather than disregarding them, diverse workplaces utilise these differences to widen the range of experiences and skills among their employees as stated by the Australian Breastfeeding Association (2012). Some professions, however, are more diverse than others. According to the Diversity Inclusion: Unlocking Global Potential - GlobalRead MoreEssay on Diversity in the Workplace1258 Words   |  6 Pages Diversity in the workplace is a subject that has gained increased attention in the workplace over the past few years. After all, the impact of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity programs on the nations work force is undeniable. Women and minorities were the first to dramatically alter the face of the economic mainstream, while gays, persons with disabilities and senior citizens followed not far behind. Th e result is a diverse American labor force representing a microcosm of ourRead MoreDiversity in Workplace1483 Words   |  6 PagesDIVERSITY: GROWTH AND IMPORTANCE OF MANAGING Harpreet Singh City University ABSTRACT: As companies are becoming more and more diverse it s becoming more and more important for companies to understand and manage it. The people of different background, races, religion creates diverse workforce. There is an importance of having diverse workforce to provide better performance. There are perspectives of managing the diverse workforce, which require organization leaders and managersRead MoreWorkplace Diversity Within The Workplace865 Words   |  4 Pagesmarket today is workplace diversity. Workplace diversity is defined as all characteristics and experiences that defined each employee as individuals, but it can also be misunderstood as discrimination against employees. Diversity can include race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability and sexual orientation discrimination. One reason why workplace diversity is important is because when you respect your employees productivity rate rises and many companies do not know that. A diverse workplace targets toRead MoreEssay about M anaging Diversity in the Workplace1449 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today (UCSF). Workplace diversity refers to having a variety of different types of people working together within a place of business. Employee gender, race, religion, sexual preference, physical appearance, family or marital status, education, culture, personality, or tenure establishes diversity in the workplace. Diversity is rapidlyRead MoreThe Impact Of Diversity On The Workplace1609 Words   |  7 Pages3.2. Positive impacts The diversity has always been a concern for businesses and governments because the minority can feel sometimes left out and excluded for the employment sector. Therefore it has always been a priority for any government. They want to prove that they have been elected and are representing the entire population not just a group of people. Also businesses want to send a good image to their customers that they care about everyone even the minority. First of all, Kirton and GreeneRead MoreWorkplace Diversity : An Organization Wide Effort1809 Words   |  8 PagesCorporate America is seeing a shift in workforce demographics, with the terms â€Å"workplace diversity’ being thrown around in meetings across many large organizations. There are many definitions and interpretations of workplace diversity, but the this paper will define workplace diversity as â€Å"an environment that maximizes the potential of all employees by not discriminating against age, ethnicity, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic locationRead MoreThe Value Of Diversity Within The Workplace1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Value of Diversity in the Workplace Globalization sets the perfect environment to develop diversity in the workplace. This new society, in which we are currently living, has created a new workforce that is based on its diversity that can greatly help with any business development and growth. In business, diversity brings opportunities to grow, expand and reach out to other markets by utilizing the values, ideas and the diverse skills that people from many different backgrounds have to offer.Read MoreIssues Associated with Workplace Diversity1053 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Diversity refers to the human characteristics that are present in the workplace making people different from one another. Various human characteristics would include race, gender, age, certain physical attributes, experience, and personal habits. Workplace Diversity does not only refer to those groups that have been discriminated against or that are different from the dominant or privileged groups, but to the mixture of differences, similarities and tensions that can exist among the elementsRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace Essay3304 Words   |  14 PagesDiversity in the Workplace Abstract Imagine that you are a highly qualified former Hispanic executive who was recently laid off from a fortune 500 hundred company. Within that company you held several key roles in which you were crucial to the success of the organization. In the prior roles you may have never really understood the need or the process of managing diversity. You hold several advanced degrees in key business fields despite all of your experience education and the economy flourishing

Learning And Innovation In Organizations -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Learning And Innovation In Organizations? Answer: Introducation The purpose of the article is to visit the different places and gain experiences to build capabilities and skills through CPD program. Value is added from the study trip through adult learning and the Vocational training can be beneficial for marketing the adults learn about apprenticeship through training sessions for performance improvement (Sung and Choi 2014). After visiting the German railway company in Berlin, vocational training could be participated in for enhancing communication skills and knowledge. Through augmented reality, people at the TAE community would get vocational training that could assist them in progressing in their professional career. Vocational training can assist me to follow rules while speaking German in classroom or at home. This kind training could incorporate German educational methods in the teaching style for creating a good culture and utilize various teaching resources that can be useful while studying at Singapore too. Why do you think such an article will impact our TAE community To provide benefits for the TAE community, I have put more focus on the vocational training supported by the Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems specialized in the fields of data analytics, artificial intelligence and deep learning. By visiting DHL group, knowledge is obtained regarding the logistics operations and application processes associated with the training, development and performance enhancement at TAE community. The different teaching styles at Germany can help me in adult learning through performance improvement as well. Template for an Article Building and improvement of capacity for the TAE community with the use of CPD program It is mainly for facilitating the process of adult learning and allowing them to enhance their skills, knowledge and expertise. The purpose of the article is to use the CPD program and improve the process of adult learning for benefiting the TAE community with ease and effectiveness (Salas et al. 2012). Various organizations are visited including DHL group, Mercedes Benz and Deutsche Bahn (German railway) with sharing by Federal Ministry of Education, Research, and Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training. The training and educational facilities supported by vocational training have improved my ability to analyse data and information systems too. One of the German teaching culture that I will follow is to evaluate the knowledge of students of the German language. Another teaching culture could be involvement of family and friends to develop immersion situations. These teaching styles can be supported by vocational training and allow me to use creative language, make appropriate use of grammars, culturally accurate idiomatic expressions and use proper language to communicate after moving to Sing apore. Why do you think such an article will impact our TAE community While visiting the Mercedes Benz Company at Germany, adult learning is facilitated through workplace learning, through which I have understood the importance of partnership working (Salas et al. 2012). The workplace pedagogies could be applied at the TAE community for improving own skills and perform to the potential through better learning and knowledge gathering. This could facilitate the learning process and allow me to explore various areas based on which, innovation and better performance would be possible for the TAE community (Sung and Choi 2014). References Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S.I., Kraiger, K. and Smith-Jentsch, K.A., 2012. The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice. psychology science in the public interest, 13(2), pp.74-101. Sung, S.Y. and Choi, J.N., 2014. Do operations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations. Journal of organizational behavior, 35(3), pp.393-412.

Two Great Athletes

Michael Jordan is one of the best former American professional basketball players whose achievements made him to gain tremendous popularity around the world. He is depicted as a role and a hero because of his excellence and courage inside and outside the pitch. After successfully playing basketball at the University of North Carolina, the Chicago Bulls recruited him as the third pick for their 1984-1985 season and he signed a $6.15 million contract with the team (Houghton, 27).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Great Athletes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During his rookie season with the Bulls, he was very influential in the National Basketball Association such that he was chosen as an alternate on the Eastern Division All-Star squad. Averaging 28.2 points per game and establishing a team record with 2,313 points, he led the Bulls to a 38 win and 44 loss season. Because of his growing popularity, companies started to use his image in promoting their products. One of these is Nike, which paid him $2.5 million for them to use his name in promoting their products. Coca-Cola, McDonalds, and Gatorade are some other companies that also attempted to endorse Michael. During the 1987-88 season, averaging 35 points per game, he led his team in wining 81 games out of the 82 game season. During the 1990-91 season, averaging 31.5 points, he led the Bulls to have 61 wins and 21 losses, which made them to reach the NBA for the first time in Michael’s career. Michael is the only other player, besides Wilt Chamberlain, to have scored three thousand points in one season, and he received other awards and recognitions, such as the Defensive Player of the Year in 1988, Sportsman of the Year in 1991, and he received five MVP awards. As a majority shareholder of the Charlotte Bobcats, Michael is also a successful businessperson. Another successful basketball player who also played for the Chicago Bul ls was Scotty Pippen. He complemented his teammate Michael Jordan in transforming the Bulls into a vehicle for making the National Basketball Association to be admirable throughout the world in the 1990s. His NBA career began when he was chosen the fifth overall in the 1987 NBA Draft. He was ultimately traded to the Chicago Bulls for a six-year contract worth over $5 million and he became part of their young forward tandem in supporting Michael Jordan. With fellow teammate Michael Jordan guidance, he managed to improve his skills in the pitch. The two players honed one another’s skills on offense and defense and they enabled their team to reach the Conference semifinals in 1988. In that year, he averaged 14.4 points per game.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was almost double that of his total during the rookie season. During the 1989-1990 season, he averaged 16.5 po ints per game and 6.7 rebounds per game, which earned him his first appearance NBA All-Star selection in 1990. After the 1990-91 season, he was guaranteed a yearly income of $3.5 million up to 1997-98 season. He supplemented his annual income from endorsing products of companies at over $7 million. He also appeared on television programs such as ER and Chicago sons. His most profitable endorsement was with Nike. This earned him about $3.5 million. With the retirement of Michael Jordan before the 1993-94 season, he came out from Jordan’s shadow, and averaging 22.0 points, 8.7 rebounds, and 5.6 assists, he assisted his team in winning several matches in that season. He was voted to the NBA All-Defensive First Team eight times, All-NBA First Team three times, NBA All-Star Game MVP in 1994, and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA history during the 1996-97 season. Works Cited Houghton, Sarah. Michael Jordan: the best ever. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press, 2002. This essay on Two Great Athletes was written and submitted by user Mr. X to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Health care organizations essay part 2Essay Writing Service

Health care organizations essay part 2Essay Writing Service Health care organizations essay part 2 Health care organizations essay part 2Health care organizations essay part  1The growing number of patients of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers naturally leads to the question of increasing the number of beds. However, at the moment, Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers tend to refuse from increasing the number of discharges to open additional beds because of the lack of financial resources and poor funding. In this regard, the high costs of health care services and inability of patients to cover their health care costs or insurance virtually force Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers to refuse from increasing the number of beds because patients will be unable to uncover the increased costs of Medical Centers.Another important issue that Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers are dealing with is the transfer patients to the next level of care from the emergency room. As they receive patients f or the treatment in emergency rooms they need to transfer them to another unit of care. However, Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers face the problem of the proper transfer of patients because of their limited inpatient capacity (Fuchs Emanuel, 2005). At the same time, this problem emerges in the result of the poor communication between units of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers. As a result, they may have difficulties with the delivery of inpatients from the emergency unit to the target unit. For example, a patient may be transferred from emergency unit to another unit, where the patient is transferred to the target unit. Such extra transfer of the patient occurs because the emergency unit fails to communicate properly with the target unit.  In such a context, Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers face the problem of the transformation of delivery of care to improve the discharge process/patient flow. The trans formation of delivery of care to improve the discharge process is an essential step because the failure of the discharge process puts under a threat the overall effectiveness of health care services delivered to patients. In other words, the poor discharge process can deteriorate the quality of health care services, if Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers fail to discharge patients fast and accurately. If they lose time, while discharging patients from the emergency unit to the target unit, they may prevent other patients from obtaining urgent medical care and deteriorate the performance of other units, if patients are wrongfully discharged to a unit other but the target one.Therefore, the introduction of the change is essential to improve the performance of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers and to prevent the failure of the discharge process because this problem can trigger the overall decline of the quality of health care services pro vided by Medical Centers, the decrease of the confidence of patients in the quality of health care services and professionalism of health care professionals working in Medical Center, and the deterioration of the quality of life of patients of Medical Centers. The resolution of the problem should involve the improvement of the patient flow management and discharge process (Altrichter Gstettner, 1993). In this regard, it is possible to recommend the enhancement of the patient flow management and discharge process through the improvement of the communication between emergency unit and other units. The introduction of modern information technologies and telecommunication systems along with electronic medical records for each patient may resolve the problem and enhance consistently the patient flow and discharge process management in Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers.The introduction of the change involves three stages: unfreeze, change, and refreeze (Lewin, 20 07). This model developed by Kurt Lewing (2007) is applicable to Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers, which can introduce the change aiming at the improvement of the patient flow and discharge process management through the introduction of new technologies and telecommunication systems to enhance the information sharing and communication within Medical Centers, particularly between emergency unit and other units of Medical Centers. Each step of the change is crucial and steadily leads to the successful introduction and assimilation of the change within the organization.The first step is unfreezing the change. In fact, this is the first and probably the most important step toward the change. The unfreezing stage implies the understanding of the necessity of the change by the management and staff of the organization. Therefore, managers and employees of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers should become aware of the urgent change that has t o be implemented in the field of the patient flow and discharge process management. The understanding is an essential condition of the implementation and acceptance of the change by the staff of Medical Centers. In this regard, managers of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers should conduct the detailed study of their organizational performance. For example, SWOT analysis conducted above reveals the persisting gap between the patient flow and discharge process management and the quality of health care services that Medical Centers can deliver to their patients (Schein, 2009). As a result, managers can become aware that the change is urgent and essential.However, the unfreezing stage implies not only the understanding of the problem by managers but also by other members of the organization (Wetherbe, 2006). Therefore, managers of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers should communicate the problem to other employees working in Medical Center s and suggest a solution to the problem. For example, they can communicate to health care professionals working in Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers that the introduction of new information system and modern telecommunication system along with medical health records will improve consistently the quality of the patient flow and discharge process management. Managers should justify the change and emphasize key benefits of the change, including the improvement of the quality of health care services delivered to patients, the facilitation of the employees’ performance, the decrease of the risk of miscommunication between professionals working in Medical Centers and others (Miner, 2005). As managers communicate the project of the change to employees, they should receive the feedback from employees and take into consideration their suggestions and remarks concerning the change (Weber Weber, 1994). After that managers should develop the plan of the change t o prepare it to the further introduction that will take place at the second stage of the change.The change is the second stage of the implementation of the change. In fact, this stage is the implementation of the change proper. The implementation of the change should occur according to the change plan. In case of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers, it is possible to recommend outsourcing the supply of the required technology and telecommunication systems required for the proposed change along with the introduction of electronic medical records for all patients. The outsourcing will facilitate the introduction of the change because Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers will receive a ready and working product that will allow Medical Centers to introduce it immediately (Schmitt Simonson, 2007). The training of the staff may be required to help health care professionals to use the full potential of the new information system and telecommuni cation system along with electronic medical records to enhance the patient flow and discharge process management.At the same time, the implementation of the change should be accompanied by monitoring and control from the part of control officers appointed by managers of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers. Control officers will monitor and control the change to find out whether the implementation of the change matches the plan or not. Control officers will also assess the effectiveness of change and how it has influenced the performance of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers and professionals working in Medical Centers. They should also measure the impact of the change on the quality of health care services and effectiveness of the patient flow and discharge process management. For example, they may use the measurement of the patient satisfaction to assess the quality of services delivered by health care professionals working in Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers. They can also measure the time spend on the discharge and transfer of patients from emergency unit to other units as well as they can measure cases of re-transfer of patients from units, where they were delivered from the emergency unit, to other units. In such a way, control officers will notice whether there are any improvements and what improvements exactly have occurred within Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers.Finally, the last stage of the change is refreezing. The refreezing stage implies that the change becomes an integral part of the organizational culture and it is not actually the change anymore but the integral part of the organizational performance (Wilkins, 2009). The refreezing stage involves the assimilation of the change into the organizational structure and operations. In case of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers, the refreezing of the change means that employees wi ll use the new information system and telecommunication system along with electronic medical records on the regular basis; they will be proficient in using the new system; and the new system will have a positive impact on the organizational performance that means that the problem of the poor patient flow and discharge process management will be resolved (Mohrman, 2008). Moreover, employees of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers should not take the change for the change anymore. Instead, they should take the new system for granted and they should use the new information system to manage patient flow and discharge process more effectively and succinctly.Thus, Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers need consistent changes to improve the quality of the patient flow and discharge process management. At the moment, Medical Centers face the problem of the low quality of the patient flow and discharge process. As a result, patients may fail to be t ransferred from the emergency unit to the target unit fast that deteriorates the quality and speed of the delivery of health care services to these patients as well as other patients, who need the urgent medical aid. The proposed solution involves the introduction of the new information system that will facilitate the communication between all units and professionals within Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers. Hence, they will be able to manage the patient flow and discharge process more effectively.

The Triangle of forces (Engineering Science) Lab Report

The Triangle of forces (Engineering Science) - Lab Report Example Figure 2 on the left shows a space diagram in which only the lines of action of the forces are shown. On the right is the force or vector diagram in which sides of the triangle represent to scale the magnitude and also the direction of the three forces. Forces in the space diagram are designated by capital letters placed in the spaces on each side of the force, e.g. the force labelled ab in the force diagram is called AB in the space diagram. Note that the force AB emanates outward from the node. A force designated BA would be the opposite direction. Figure 3 on the left shows a space diagram (the position of the strings) in which only the lines of action of the forces are shown. The combination of weights (forces) taken are 70g, 70g, and 90g. On the right is the force or vector diagram in which sides of the triangle represent to scale the magnitude and also the direction of the three forces. The force 70g () is represented by vector in the, the force 70g () is represented by vector in the, and the force 90g () is represented by vector in the. From figure 3, it can be seen that the three forces,, and in equilibrium forms a triangle (approximately). The triangle is not closed because of measurement errors. Figure 4 on the left shows a space diagram (the position of the strings) in which only the lines of action of the forces are shown. The combination of weights (forces) taken are 90g, 70g, and 90g. On the right is the force or vector diagram in which sides of the triangle represent to scale the magnitude and also the direction of the three forces. The force 90g () is represented by vector in the, the force 70g () is represented by vector in the, and the force 90g () is represented by vector in the. From figure 4, it can be seen that the three forces, , and in equilibrium forms a triangle (approximately). Figure 5 on the left shows a space diagram (the position of the strings) in which only the lines of action

Five Secrets of Charismatic Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Five Secrets of Charismatic Leader - Assignment Example It enables people to go beyond the confines of mediocrity and tread into the realm of existence. In the process, it induces people to define their desires and to pursue them with passion. Ultimately, leadership transforms potential into reality. Charisma has been identified as one of the characteristics of transformational leaders. Tasler indicated that â€Å"displaying charismatic leadership is one of the most effective ways to boost everything from motivation and creativity to productivity and plain old satisfaction† (Tasler, 2010, par. 2). In this regard, leaders who do not seem to possess the charismatic qualities have renewed hope to develop the rudiments for honing this potential. Through a research conducted by Francesca Gino from Harvard Business School and David Hofmann of the University of North Carolina, the secrets of unraveling the charismatic powers in leaders are revealed. As presented by Tasler, there are specifically five steps to assist leaders in developing a more charismatic personae, to wit: (1) through a definition of the main character; (2) identifying the ultimate goal or the happy ending; (3) pinpointing the weakness of the current situation; (4) identifying the alternative courses of action; and (5) encourage outpouring of emotions. Simply put, Tasler’s advice is focused on: â€Å"charisma can be conveyed simply by using emotional words. Incorporate such words as nervous, afraid, and frustrated to heat up your descriptions of the not-so-happy beginning, and then use words like excited, confident, proud, and peaceful to make the happy ending feel happier. The goal is to create a stark contrast between the unpleasant feeling of the place they are currently in and the wonderful place they can go to if they do what you ask† (Tasler, 2010, par. 12).

Spies Essay Example for Free

Spies Essay Michael Frayn uses a unique style of writing in the novel Spies, dual narration. So in this essay there will be an investigation into this distinctive style of writing that magnetises the audience, as it makes the audience feel part of the story. Stephen and Stefan versions of accounts vary, this appeals to the audience as it leaves you guessing too many unanswered questions during the plot. Dual narration has many positives to contribute to the novel, for example numerous independent viewpoints. However during this novel not entirely independent view points, as the narrators remain the same individual in two separate time periods. The older character Stefan has the benefit of hindsight whilst remember the events of that summer in the 1940’s. Whilst Stephen as the enthusiasm of a typical young lad. The two accounts vary as memories are forgotten or Stefan hasn’t remembered the events in the correct chronological order. (Frayn, Spies, p. 32) So this essay will look into the effect that dual narration has upon on the reader throughout the novel. Michael Frayn is capable of using dual narration to such an impressive extent during Spies because he as an author is able to connect with the character Stephen and Stefan. The reason as to why these connections can be made is because Michael Frayn would have grown up as a child during the same time period as we see Stephen growing up in the novel, World War 2. (literature. britishcouncil. org/michael-frayn). This also indicates that Frayn would have same ability to remember certain events and recall the memories in the same manner as what Stefan does. The nature of the dual narration in this novel can become frustrating for the reader. (Hudson, everything is as it was, but everything has changed) The slow progression through the story generates complacency, as the reader wants to advance to the significant events, before the story arrives at them. As you seem to progress quicker than Stephen is able to, because of the hints and clues Stefan has informed you off prior to Stephen’s narrating. Even when Stephen finally describes the event, many of the questions you find yourself asking do not get answered. However the tension and anxiety that Frayn is capable of creating whilst leaving many questions opened and unanswered can entice the reader further into the depth of the novel. (Holtsberry, 2004). This effect gets the readers mind thinking about the possibilities and directions the story could precede and conclude in. Nevertheless you do find yourself bemused when the story continues in an opposite direction as to the one you had expected it to follow. During Spies dual narration is capable of portraying how an individual’s outlook can change over a period time. The memories can be forgotten, they can be missed interpreted, or the memories Stefan possesses may not even be his memories, instead they maybe what he wanted to happen instead. (Frayn, Spies, P. 233) This specific passage of the text indicates that Stefan is capable of remembering and realising how significant certain childhood memories are, even though he did not realise the importance or even consider the possible outcomes at the time as a child’s memory is an innocent one. It’s only with hind sight that Stefan is capable of understand the importance of Stephens memories. (Lancaster, the New York Book Review). The reader is allowed to accept and believe in Stephens’s memories and recollection of events only for Stefan to later on correct the series of events. This can also get extremely confusing for the reader, because Stefan and Stephen at various points with in the Novel have a conflict or memories. The way in which Michael Frayn has used the dual narration technique to write Spies has made the novel one of mystery and suspense. It engages the reader into the depth of the Novel. This leaves many readers having to restart certain chapters, or even rereading the entire novel to obtain and figure out the answers to the questions Frayn has cleverly left opened. The way in which in the novel flows from past to present also engulfs the reader, as you are always trying to figure out Stephens next move through the narrative of Stefan. As a reader this absorbs you into the novel as you feel as though you’re a character in the novel alongside Stephen in his childhood.

Ethics of Genocide and Eugenics Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Ge

Gene Therapy: Genocide and Eugenics or Striving for a More Perfect Population Controversy and Ethics Just as there are different types of people who look at one glass of water and describe it as half full or half empty, the public has many different views on the future of our society. Gene therapy is also a glass that can be viewed in different angles – different perspectives. Some say it has great potential to shape the ideals of our future, while others believe it signifies intolerance for disabilities, imperfections that supposedly deplete from a person’s interests, opportunities and welfare (quoted by Peter Singer, xviii). This global issue has brought people with different opinions in the open, arguing their views using history, morality and foresight. â€Å"It is human nature to strive to improve everything.† (as quoted from Ron Harris by Singer, xxii) As the world moves forward in science and technology, it seems that only humans themselves are lagging behind. Success and perfection are so important as to even play a role in determining human characteristics – once thought to be inalterable – right down to gene selection. In our increasingly capitalist society, parents want their children to be born with as much an opportunity to excel as others. It is the same well-meaning motivation that drives parents to make more money to buy a bigger house in a better community, so their children could live better and attend a higher-scoring school (Singer xvi). So with equal or greater conviction, they want their children to be born with a relatively high IQ, good looks and a healthy body. This mentality is adequately represented by a website: ronsangels.com, which sells eggs of women â€Å"with beauty and brains† to the highest bidder (... ...ne starts life with an equal chance of health and success. Yet, gene therapy can also be thought of as a straight route towards a dark outlook, where perfection is the first priority, genes are seen as the ultimate puppeteer, and personal freedom to thrive based on one’s self isn’t believed to exist. With the emergence of each new technological discovery comes the emergence of each new ethical debate, and one day, each viewpoint on this momentous issue may be able to find a bit of truth in the other. Eventually, our society may reach a compromise on gene therapy. Bibliography: Cambridge. The Ethics of Inheritable Genetic Modification. Cambridge: Cambridge Universtiy Press, 2006. Rpt. in The Ethics of Inheritable Genetic Modification. Collins, Francis S. "Foreward." Playing God? 2003. By Ted Peters. 2nd ed. Great Britain: Routledge, 2003. Rpt. in Playing God?

Evaluating the Research Process Essay

Literature Review The following paper will address the research process using the article Assessing Pregnancy Intention and Associated Risks in Pregnant Adolescents. The research process consists of nine parts that include; selecting a problem, formulating a hypothesis, reviewing the literature, listing the measures, describing the subjects, constructing a design, constructing and identifying measurement devices, analysis of the data, and generating conclusions (Neutens & Rubinson, 2010). The literature review shows that adolescent pregnancy is a multifaceted problem. Adolescent pregnancy has risk factors that must be taken into account. Ethics Some of these risk factors would be the ethical considerations. The Nuremberg Code which was established in 1947 tried to provide regulations. These regulations were to prevent any more atrocities in human research (Neutens & Rubinson, 2010). One of the ethical considerations would be informed consent. Informed consent came about after the Nuremberg Code. Informed consent is about telling the subject about the details of the research, any risks or benefits that could come about (Neutens & Rubinson, 2010) Ethical considerations must be taken into consideration when performing tests on human subjects. If anything is not disclosed in the informed consent, it would leave the researchers vulnerable to a lawsuit as well as invalidating the research study. In the article, Assessing Pregnancy Intention and Associated Risks in Pregnant Adolescents, informed consent was followed. â€Å"Informed consent was obtained from the participant and if the participant was younger than 18 years old, con sent was obtained from her guardian with assent of the minor (participant)† (Phipps & Nunes, 2012). The researchers found the subjects during their first prenatal care appointment to the â€Å"Women and Infants Hospital Women’s Primary Care Center, Providence, RI between March 2002 and February 2005† (Phipps & Nunes,  2012). Steps were taken to ensure that the participants would be considered adolescents even after their babies were born and that they would understand what was expected of them. The research study was conducted by using research assistants that interviewed the participants. They were questioned about their â€Å"demographic characteristics, life plans, social supports, peer and family relationships, financial support, behavioral risks, and medical history† (Phipps & Nunes, 2012). In example, research surveys â€Å"included validated questions where available and where not available content-relevant questions were assessed for face validity. The surveys underwent a process of review and revision that included both clinical experts and age-relevant volunteers† (). In the survey, subjects were asked about pregnancy planning, so that the assistants could assess the subjects’ level of agreement with statements. The statements were coded to assess for risk factors. The stat ements ranged from trying to getting pregnant and best age to get pregnant as well as overall feelings about pregnancy (Phipps & Nunes, 2012). Statistical Analysis All of the information that was gathered by the research assistants from the participants is used in the statistical analysis to determine the significance level. â€Å"The significance level of a statistical hypothesis test is a fixed probability of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis, if it is in fact true. The significance level is typically set at five percent† (â€Å"The Statistics Glossary†, n.d.). So anything higher than five percent would be considered statistically insignificant. The researchers â€Å"did observe significant associations between our pregnancy intention metrics and known risk factors for poor outcomes† (Phipps & Nunes, 2012). There were two dimensions of pregnancy intention that the researchers assessed. The two significant dimensions were emotional readiness and planning. Emotional readiness was more â€Å"strongly associated with risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant teens identified as not emotionally ready were at increased risk for delayed prenatal care, inadequate prenatal care utilization, delayed use of prenatal vitamins, recent smoking, recent drinking, recent drug use and depression† (Phipps & Nunes, 2012). The findings in the research study article is statistically significant. The study showed that emotional readiness and planning are critical for having a  healthy pregnancy. Before this study came out, researchers thought that being emotionally ready was not nearly as important to pregnancy as proper health care. However, if one is not emotionally ready it can affect getting proper health care. Research Conclusions The conclusion to this study determined that emotional readiness and planning are the main risk factors for adolescent pregnancy that has adverse outcome. This study tests the thought that emotional readiness and planning are the two most important factors against family type as the most important risk factor. If the study was looking into preventing adolescent pregnancy, then family type is the most important risk factor. Emotional readiness and planning are important so that one will have a healthy pregnancy. The results to this study are appropriate. There is enough information to determine that the article was indeed effective. The statistics provided in this study were quantitative in nature. The data was collected in an ethical manner. This can be determined by the appropriate exclusion criteria. The article further indicates that previous research was conducted on the topic adolescent pregnancy. This research enabled the creation of a scoring method to identify adolescents tha t are at risk for pregnancy. The results to this study are very appropriate and there is enough information to determine that the article was indeed effective. The statistics provided in this study were clearly listed and defined. The data was ethically collected and appropriate exclusion criteria were indicated to avoid producing biased results. The article further indicates that previous research was conducted on the topic of adolescent pregnancy. This research enabled the creation of a scoring method to identify those at risk of adolescent pregnancy. The article, Assessing pregnancy intention and associated risks in pregnant adolescents, looks into risk factors for adolescents becoming pregnant and having a health pregnancy. The article uses the research process to come to the conclusions that family type, emotional readiness and planning are all important. Family type is statistically important because it states that an adolescent is more at risk for pregnancy if they come from a less than ideal home. Emotional readiness and planning is statistically important because they can affect pregnancy outcome. These conclusions are the same con clusions that the researchers came to in their article. References Neutens, J. J., & Rubinson, L. (2010). Research techniques for the health sciences (4th Ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Phipps, M. G., & Nunes, A. P. (2012). Assessing pregnancy intention and associated risks in pregnant adolescents. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(9), 1820-7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0928-0 The Statistics Glossary. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/glossary/

What Does You Do You - 1657 Words

From the moment one is born, one is exposed to a multitude of different stimuli that are often wildly different from another. These stimuli can be so new that they can redefine one s thoughts and outlook on life. One goes through years of this as their journey through life continues on, with each new experience adding to the ever growing and ever changing matrix that is one s identity. Many times, one points to things they enjoy or who one proclaims he or she is as their identity. However, it is not one s words or list of likes that actually crafts who one is. Interactions with others, the experiences gained from those reactions, and the actions and choices that are made based on the knowledge gained from those experiences are what modify and hack into one s identity. Experiences and character interaction are the walls needed to make the rooms of action and choice, which then form the house of identity. The actions that one makes in the situations presented to them in life are what m old and form their identity and eventually who one is. By growing up, one continues to have refreshing experiences that help stimulate our identities, thereby making it something that is ever changing and evolving instead of a static fixture that cannot be changed. Interacting with others develops an identity as it leads to an exchange between two people. One cannot be generous if they have no one to give more than he or she receives. A situation where one is interacting with another isShow MoreRelatedWhat Does You Do You?1957 Words   |  8 Pagesclassmate comes up you and invites you to a junior house party. So you accept the invitation not knowing what to expect. In your feverish mind, the only experience you have with parties are birthday parties with adult supervision. So you go to the house party and once you step in the door, a strong aroma hits you. You don’t know what it is but the stench is horrendous! You enter the living room you see sixteen and seventeen year ol ds drinking alcohol. Shocked and feeling very uncomfortable, you make yourRead MoreWhat Does You Do?1330 Words   |  6 Pages Think back to your youngest memory. Can you imagine every detail vividly in your mind? Can you remember what prompted you to take part in such a story and what knowledge of your environment inspired you to act? Most likely you cannot. You probably can relive a moment, but the trivial aspects seem to have been brushed over and revised a few too many times to be considered the actual memory. Why is this? A probable reason for this is the notion of education. Education provides individuals, like yourselfRead MoreWhat Does You Do? Essay2035 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Every day we seem to make and act upon all kinds of free choices- some trivial, and others so consequential that they make change the course of our life. But are these choices really free? Or are we compelled to act the way we do by factors beyond our control?†(Pink cover). Every day as our eyes are opened in the mornings we are faced with various decision and consequence. One can choose to stay in bed for an extra five more minutes sleep which will turn into thirty minutes more ofRead MoreWhat Does You Do You Need?1352 Words   |  6 Pagesskin. She was already dressed, with her hair done and her casual day outfit all put together. â€Å"Sue? You up?† â€Å"Yes. What do you need?† I asked. â€Å"How’s your arm feeling?† â€Å"Fine. Like always.† â€Å"On a scale from 1 to 10?† She asked. â€Å"7.† â€Å"That bad? Want to take motrin?† â€Å"No I’m fine.† I replied. She left without another word. I grudged out of bed, with my wrist aching. I broke my arm, in case you wondered. It was 4 days before summer break. 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What do you love to do? o QUICK: Who do you live with? Who is responsible for most of the chores in the household? II. CREATIVE FEEDBACK: 4 IDEAS Four Concept areas will be explored MONADICALLY (one at a time), and rotated to avoid bias. Each concept will be presented twice to ensure comprehension. Moderator to explain to participants: You are going to see four different ideas, and we will spend our time togetherRead MoreJeannette Walls And The Glass Castle1490 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Our parents. Our inspirations. Who we look up to. People who could never do wrong. But what would you do if your parents did something so wrong that they could be arrested? Or perhaps they did something unacceptable but you didn’t know anything more? Jeannette Walls deals with this throughout her childhood as represented in The Glass Castle. Her parents challenge the social norms and expectations with their uncommon lifestyle and teachings. While doing so, they put their children inRead MoreDoes Religion Affect The United States? Why? Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesaccept that everyone doesn’t see things the way we do. 2. What place does religion have in punishment? Give examples. Does religion play a role in our justice system? How? I believe, religion has played a part in justice and punishment, in some way, in every country, including ours. No matter, what your religion, you have probably heard these quotes, â€Å"Vengeance, is mine sayeth the Lord,† or â€Å"do unto others as you would have them do unto you.† Some countries continue the same punishments as